The Problem of Evil Augustine and Irenaeus Essay Example

The Problem of Evil: Augustine and Irenaeus Paper Clarify how the theodicy of Irenaeus contrasts from that of Augustine. One of the primary contentions utilized by non-devotees against the presence of God is the nearness of insidious and enduring on the planet. The term ‘evil’ is regularly used to depict something that is ethically off-base. Thinkers make a differentiation between moral detestable and common wickedness. Moral underhandedness results from human activities that are ethically reproachable, and Natural shrewdness results from the breaking down of the common world, which produces substances, for example, illness and starvation. St Augustine (354 †430CE) put together his contentions with respect to the Bible, particularly the records of the creation and the fall in Genesis. His compelling theodicy settles upon two significant presumptions; underhanded didn't originate from God since God’s creation was impeccable and great, and malevolence originated from somewhere else and God is supported in permitting it to remain. Augustine began from the presumption that God is entirely acceptable and that God made a world liberated from flaws. Following the educating in Genesis 1, Augustine accentuated that ‘All God has made satisfied Him’; enduring and abhorrent were along these lines obscure. He made the sensible point that it isn't workable for God to be liable for underhanded since malicious is ‘not a substance’. Rather, fiendish alludes what exactly is deficient in a thing; it is a ‘privation of good’. Augustine utilized the similarity of visual deficiency, which isn't a substance in itself however a nonattendance of sight. On the off chance that God can't have made underhandedness, Augustine followed its beginning to those territories inside the world that have choice; explicitly, holy messengers and individuals. These manhandled God’s endowment of opportunity and picked wilfully to dismiss their consideration from God, the preeminent great, and to revere rather ‘lesser goods’. We will compose a custom article test on The Problem of Evil: Augustine and Irenaeus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Problem of Evil: Augustine and Irenaeus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Problem of Evil: Augustine and Irenaeus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With regards to the narrative of the fall in Genesis 3, he contended that the longing for power demonstrated a lot for Adam and Eve, who were enticed by Satan, a fallen blessed messenger, to break God’s order and to eat the illegal organic product. Having clarified the root of wickedness, Augustine proceeded to show that all enduring is a completely merited result of human sin. Normal underhandedness began from the loss of request inside nature following the main sin. This demolished the sensitive equalization of the world. From that point on, there was to be antagonistic vibe among people and different animals. People would need to fight continually to develop enough food. Torment, for example, that subsequent in labor, entered the world, alongside death. The primary sin likewise made the world become removed from God. In this new and harmed condition, remote from God, moral fiendishness prospered and spread. Augustine finished up his hypothesis with a token of God’s beauty: if God was essentially just, everybody would go to their legitimate discipline in Hell. Through His effortlessness, in any case, God sent His child to kick the bucket on the cross with the goal that some may be spared and go to Heaven. This shows God is forgiving just as just. Irenaeus (c. 130 †202CE), similarly as with Augustine, followed fiendish back to human through and through freedom. He varies in that he concedes that God didn't make an ideal world and that insidiousness has an important task to carry out in God’s plan for people. In contrast to Augustine, Irenaeus conceded that God is halfway answerable for abhorrent. His obligation reaches out to making people incompletely, and making it their errand to create flawlessly. This thought depends on Irenaeus’ translation of Genesis, where God stated, ‘Let us make man in our picture, after our similarity. ’ Irenaeus inferred that from the outset, people were made in God’s picture and just later would form into His similarity. For Irenaeus, being in God’s picture included having knowledge, ethical quality, and character, yet it needed finish. Culmination would just be picked up upon change into God’s similarity. It was Irenaeus’ guarantee that malicious was a basic way to this change. Irenaeus clarified that people chose abhorrent, which is the reason the fall happened. Yet, albeit abhorrent obviously makes life troublesome, it in any case is valuable in that it empowers us to comprehend what great is; â€Å"How, in the event that we had no information despite what might be expected, would we be able to have guidance in that which is acceptable? † †Irenaeus. Having clarified the need of both potential and real underhanded, Irenaeus looked forward to Heaven, where everyone will have finished the advancement into God’s resemblance, and where the sufferings on Earth will have been for quite some time overlooked.

How to Be a Good Teacher Free Essays

Extraordinary English Teachers What are the qualities of a decent instructor of English? The qualities run from extraordinary educating and the executives methodologies to a decent disposition. Top Characteristics for Teachers There are 15 qualities of viable instructors that go from having elevated standards to being adaptable and creative. These 15 qualities can be set into two classes: the executives and instructional methods and individual attributes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Step by step instructions to Be a Good Teacher or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now To have solid study hall the executives and instructional methods, an English instructor needs to attempt an assortment of strategies to locate the ones that work for the person in question. Instructional Techniques English instructors need to show perusing, composing, review, tuning in, and talking. These are five particular regions, and every ha its own arrangement of benchmarks and markers. Basically, English educators have a lot of substance to shuffle in the homeroom. The rundown of pointers for their substance is very long. They should be learned of sentence structure, jargon, composing, abstract components, incredible books, looking into procedures, discourse methodologies, and so on. Notwithstanding being an ace of substance, educators need to have a huge collection of instructing systems. Direct guidance, communitarian learning, and the jigsaw system, are only a couple of procedures that viable instructors use in the study hall. Assortment is the key. In this way, the English instructor must be adaptable and ready to attempt an assortment of techniques to perceive what works best with their understudies. The board Techniques Good English instructors must have fantastic homeroom the executives strategies. On the off chance that educators can't deal with their understudies effectively, almost no learning will happen in the study hall. With the No Child Left Behind Act and current state arrangement, it is significant that understudies make gains in their learning each year. For youthful instructors, homeroom the board is normally a battle. New instructors should be happy to search out prepared educators to tutor them on the most proficient method to deal with the homeroom appropriately and to attempt diverse study hall the board procedures. Character Traits Usually, the three most significant character qualities are an adaptable methodology, a mindful disposition, and a comical inclination. There are, obviously, other character qualities that empower instructors to become incredible educators. In any case, in the present deluge of progress in training, an instructor should be adaptable to support an understudy. It likewise assists with having the option to giggle and to continue grinning in this atmosphere of progress. It is significant that understudies feel that their instructors care about them. They have to have a sense of security in a steady learning condition since this might be the main safe spot that a few kids have. A sheltered, caring learning condition will assist understudies with working to their actual potential. Last, instructors need to have a comical inclination. Such a large number of things turn out badly consistently. It is critical to have the option to chuckle and to continue onward. The understudies need a cheerful instructor, not a furious one. The qualities of a decent instructor of English incorporate numerous characteristics and systems. English educators need to give a valiant effort in executing methods in the homeroom to help our nation’s kids arrive at their learning potential Think back to your school days for a second, who were your preferred instructors? Which ones did you gain more from and why? The odds are that they were ones who made your exercises â€Å"come alive†. Draw in you in your exercise instead of the â€Å"talk and chalk† assortment! While having a sound scholastic foundation and information regarding your matter is a certain something, being able to identify with your understudies and pass on your message in reasonable, persuasive terms is very another. This implies not exclusively having the option to identify with your students however having the option to adjust your material to suit their necessities, and put it across in the best (amicable? ) structure, making a positive, strong learning condition. Encouraging a Language Having been an instructor mentor for a long time I possess little energy for the educator who conveys a similar exercise verbatim, after a seemingly endless amount of time after year, without considering their individual students’ needs and student types, or those whose inner self is enormous to such an extent that they can't relate viably to their understudies. To my brain, encouraging a language requires various abilities to instructing different subjects like History or Math. We don’t gain proficiency with a language by discussing it; we become familiar with a language by talking in it! When an instructor has introduced language, the understudies ought to communicate in and utilize the language (as it is they who need the training), and not the educator talking the most noteworthy level of time †thus the term TTT - Teacher Taking Time. Language educators likewise need to â€Å"rough tune† their language, talking in wording that are somewhat over the degree of the student, as opposed to over rearrange (subsequently giving a bogus model) or besiege them with meta-language. Center Characteristics Carl Rogers, an American therapist proposed there are three center instructor qualities to help make a powerful learning condition. †¢Respect: Being sure and non critical concerning someone else †¢Empathy: Being ready to see things from another person’s perspective †¢Authenticity: Being yourself without self absorbed hindrances or holing up behind an occupation title These three characteristics an unquestionably bound to prompt an increasingly constructive learning condition, where understudies are progressively disposed to face challenges and assume liability for their own learning. Correspondence among understudy and educator turns out to be increasingly transparent and in this way a more grounded bond rises, in light of common regard. These characteristics ought not be â€Å"clothes† that an educator puts on in the study hall. They must be authentic expectations. A decent educator is one who knows about their subject as well as has the character to pass on it in drawing in, inspirational terms. Subsequently exhibition and interest as opposed to clarification is regularly increasingly compelling. In short: A powerful language educator is one that thinks more about their students’ learning than they do about their own instructing! Top 10 Tips for Teachers are regularly positioned into an unbalanced and upsetting circumstance, not so much certain about their power and in some cases not put with veteran educators who are a lot of help. These tips can help understudy educators as they start their first instructing assignments. If it's not too much trouble note: these are not proposals for how to move toward the understudies but rather for how to most successfully prevail in your new educating condition. 1. Be On Time Punctuality is significant in the ‘real world’. In the event that you are late, you will NOT begin on the correct foot with your collaborating educator. Far more atrocious, on the off chance that you show up after a class has started which you should educate, you are setting that instructor and yourself in a cumbersome circumstance. 2. Dress Appropriately As an instructor, you are an expert and you should dress as needs be. There is nothing amiss with over dressing during your understudy educating assignments. The garments do help loan you a quality of power, particularly on the off chance that you look outrageously youthful. Further, your dress tells the planning instructor of your demonstrable skill and devotion to your task. 3. Be Flexible Remember that the organizing educator has pressures put upon them similarly as you have your own weights to manage. In the event that you ordinarily train just 3 classes and the planning instructor asks that you take on additional classes one day since he has a significant gathering to join in, take a gander at this as your opportunity to get considerably further understanding while at the same time intriguing your devotion to your organizing educator. 4. Observe the School Rules This may appear glaringly evident to a few yet it is significant that you don't disrupt school guidelines. For instance, on the off chance that it is contrary to the standards to bite gum in class, at that point don't bite it yourself. In the event that the grounds is ‘smoke-free’, don't illuminate during your lunch period. This is certainly not proficient and would be a detriment for you when it comes time for your planning instructor and school to write about your capacities and activities. 5. Plan Ahead If you realize you will require duplicates for an exercise, don't hold up until the morning of the exercise to get them finished. Numerous schools have methodology that MUST be followed for replicating to happen. On the off chance that you neglect to follow these systems you will be stuck without duplicates and will presumably look amateurish simultaneously. 6. Become a close acquaintence with the Office Staff This is particularly significant on the off chance that you accept that you will remain in the region and perhaps going after for a vocation at the school where you are instructing. These people’s assessments of you will affect whether you are employed. They can likewise make your time during understudy showing a lot simpler to deal with. Don’t think little of their value. 7. Keep up Confidentiality Remember that on the off chance that you are taking notes about understudies or study hall encounters to turn in for grades, you ought to either not utilize their names or change them to secure their personalities. No one can tell who you are instructing or what their relationship may be to your teachers and organizers. 8. Don’t Gossip It may be enticing to hang out in the instructor relax and enjoy tattle about individual educators. In any case, as an understudy instructor this would be an extremely hazardous decision. You may state something you could lament later. You may discover data that is false and mists your judgment. You may even irritate somebody without acknowledging it. Keep in mind, these are educators you could be working with again some time or another later on. 9. Be Professional With Fellow Teachers Do not hinder other teachers’ classes without a totally valid justification. At the point when you are talking with your organizing educator or other

Facebook Teachers - Should You Friend Your Students [INFOGRAPHIC]

Facebook Teachers - Should You Friend Your Students [INFOGRAPHIC] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Facebook Teachers Should You Friend Your Students? [INFOGRAPHIC]Updated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : FacebookShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oz8QJY CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEarlier we shared an useful infographic about Facebook, titled Obsessed With Facebook and this time we are back with another one, quite interesting one. As a teacher, should you friend your students on Facebook?! This infographic created by Masters in Teaching interesting explains the aspects well here. Some facts I got via this infographic are :10% of the U.S. Facebook Users are in High School.21% of the Global Facebook Users are in High School.3 US Teachers in the past 6 months were fired for having inappropriate dialogue with students.For higher resolution of this infographic, kindly check this.READ3 Effective Ways Facebookers Can Use Google Calendar

Personality Is Influenced By The Age 30 Or If It s Mind...

The question on everybody’s mind is can personality change? Over many decades, researchers have been determining whether the development of personality is set by the age 30 or if it continues to develop over time. The analysis of personality, whether it can change and the impacts of previous experiences are all interpreted throughout the text, in order to determine whether personality changes. It will be argued that personality is influenced by experience and events not the measurement of time, thus enforcing the argument that personality can change throughout and individual’s lifespan. According to Lilienfeld, Lynn, Namy, Woolf, (2010) the term personality refers to ‘individual patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that tend to persist across time and contexts†. Personality is more than individual differences; personality is how people interact and evolve in certain environments. All types of environments shape how people process thoughts and action. Five broad dimensions are used when trying the measure an individual’s personality. The five dimensions include; neuroticism, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness-to-experience. There are three approaches to personality; clinical, correlational and experimental. Each approach allows researchers to distinguish the concept of personality throughout the lifespan, using conventional methods. The clinical approach focuses on systematic, in-depth research on individuals. This approach is often difficultShow MoreRelatedThe Unconscious Theories Of Personality Development856 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior as there are general theories of personality. Some theorists, such as Freud, consider the unconscious at the very least highly influential, if not the sole motivating force behind personality development. Unconscious motivations have been linked to genetic predispositions, and up to 50% of variances can be linked to genetics (Bleidorn et al., 2014). 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Presidents Of The United States - 1953 Words

The early presidents had an important role in shaping position of the president of America and set good examples for the future presidents to follow. Despite how underdeveloped the country was, the early presidents set great precedents, such as the two terms in office, foreign relations, and determining the power of the federal government and the judicial branch. Although the presidents in the 19th century each had an important role in history during their terms in office, their success as the leader of the executive branch is not exactly the same. The range for determining the success of the president is evaluated by their legacy, contributions to the economic success of the young nation, and ability to handle foreign affairs. Based on my criteria, I would rank the early presidents in this order of most successful to least successful: George Washington, James Monroe, James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson. George Washington, unanimously voted into office, wa s the first president of the United States. He was the leader of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War and gained immense popularity and love from the public because of his success in the war, and was inducted into office. Although the Constitution provided outlines for the role of president, there was no specific instruction as to what the leader of the executive branch should do. Despite that he did not have a blueprint on how to run the country successfully, he is honored for theShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe president is the most important job in the United States. Not the ruler of the United States ,but have some power over the country. The president of the United States is a person who symbolize the country and leads the country by making decisions of what is the best thing to do. 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Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor Essay

â€Å"There was a sinking feeling in my stomach and I felt as if the world had turned itself upside down with me in it† (Page 129, Taylor). The author, Mildred Taylor, of Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry has triumphed on writing the book while delivering the painful message of how African Americans were treated in the times of the Great Depression. Cassie has encountered many difficulties when having to accept the way she was treated outdoors along with all the other African-Americans in her society. In the opening, Cassie, along with her siblings, has to collaborate with the complications the bus has caused, and fearing the night men afterward for discovering what they have done. As greed, selfishness, and racism caused misfortune to the Logan†¦show more content†¦Cassie, along with T.J. and Stacey, has been patiently waiting for Mr. Barnett to serve them while he chose to serve three white adults before Cassie even though they arrived after them. However, Cassie really gets furious, enraged and looses it when she learns that Mr. Barnett was serving a little girl as old as she. Cassie is quick tempered, just like her uncle Hammer, therefore, she went to Mr. Barnett, informing him that what he was doing was wrong. Mr. Barnett couldn’t believe his eyes, that a little black girl ought to talk to him in such a way. Well, you just get your little black self back over there and wait some more. (Page 111, Taylor). The cherry of her perfect day was when Cassie bumped into Lillian Jean and was asked to get of the road. As Cassie refused her demand, Mr. Simms, Lillian Jean’s father, aggresively twisted poor Cassie’s arm and threw her down the road. In addition, he demands that Cassie appologizes to Miz Lillian Jean. Big Ma saw trouble being created and forced Cassie to appologize. Big Ma did it for Cassie’s own good, but Casssie didn’t seem to notice right away. Rasicm has caused the loss of many and the affected African A mericans in Mississipi during the Great Depression and even earlier in history. Even after slavery, segregation and rasicm still lived on in the white minds of those who believed. African Americans were still not considered as normal people by manyShow MoreRelatedRoll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry By Mildred Taylor820 Words   |  4 PagesIn Chapter 5 of Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor, Cassie’s innocence causes her to find herself in frightening situations. Cassie, the black female protagonist of the story, lives in 1933, in Mississippi, where instances of racism happen daily. However, Cassie, because she is 9 years old and her family wants to protect her from the injustices of the world for as long as possible, doesn’t have a clear understanding of why the white people in her life are doing bad things to her or knowledgeRead MoreRoll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry, By Mildred D. Taylor975 Words   |  4 PagesThematic Essay The novel Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry is written by Mildred D. Taylor. In the book, the story tells about a family in the state Mississippi on year 1933, named as the Logans, who were African-American sharecroppers, owned a small piece of farmland and planted cotton. Throughout the story, the Logan family had struggled through hard times, some rougher than others, such as racial injustices and boycotts. But the Logans never did completely lose hope; and it was because their relationshipRead MoreRoll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry By Mildred D. Taylor882 Words   |  4 Pages Sometimes you have to do things you don’t want to, but it really takes courage to get through it. In the novel, Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry by Mildred D. Taylor, Cassie Logan is a very sassy, outspoken eleven year old girl that, in my opinion, is the most courageous character throughout the novel. Some things that made Cassie courageous was that she stood up for Little Man, her little brother, at Great Faith Elementary School, stood up for her and Stacey, her older brother, at the mercantileRead MoreEssay on Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D Taylor1480 Words   |  6 PagesRoll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D Taylor How does Mildred D Taylor show the ways in which black people could deal with racism and injustice in the south? ‘Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry’ is a novel were you can see how people feel, react and deal with racism. It is a novel which ventures on how hatred, humiliation and degradation fill in the gap between the two races that are separate from each other, the races of the black and white. Mildred D Taylor isRead MoreEssay on TJ in Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor810 Words   |  4 PagesTJ in Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor TJ is a tall emaciated -looking, poor boy of thirteen/ fourteen years of age. His family are sharecroppers who work for Harlan Granger. He along with his younger brother Claude walk to school with the Logan children. From the very beginning of the novel we as the readers see that TJ doesnt get presented in a very positive light. Cassie, the narrator doesnt like him much and finds him quite irritating. WeRead More Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful975 Words   |  4 PagesRoll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930s. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930s. The story is told through the eyes of nine-year-old Cassie Logan, who has to learn throughout the entire book, how harsh the world truly is for blacks. Cassie has to learn that it is a white mans world out there, and thatRead More How Mildred Taylor uses the Characters and Events to show the Prejudice in Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry1405 Words   |  6 PagesMildred Taylor, the author of Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry clearly depicts racism in her novel. She skillfully uses the characters and events in the novel to show prejudice in Mississippi in the 1930s, when the book was set. At the time Mississippi was renowned as one of the worst states for racism. Taylor has created many situations in her novel were several of the characters are victimized as well as discriminated against. Throughout the novel white people form an irrational judgment on the blackRead MoreEssay On Roll Of Thunder801 Words   |  4 Pageschange the world, you need to change your story. This truth applies both to individuals and institutions.† -Michael Margolis. This quote relates to the novel Roll of Thunder, hear my cry because the author (Mildred Taylor) uses good stories to communicate a thought. Furthermore, the novel includes a lunatic amount of good-storytelling. Taylor uses 3 strategies to help her have good-storytelling. 1) great action scenes, 2) descriptive words to express powerful emotions, and 3) a special purpose forRead MoreRoll of Thunder Hear My Cry1497 Words   |  6 Pagesand discusses the plight farmers were in was Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry. The book addresses the issue of unequal rights that African-Americans had to endure in the segregated south. Mildred Taylor wrote, â€Å"Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry in 1976, in the immediate aftermath of the civil rights movement. During this time racial discrimination was still going on, however, the movement towards normalcy was starting up. While â€Å"Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry† fits into the mold of African-American literatureRead MoreExamples Of Racism In Roll Of Thunder Hear My Cry1440 Words   |  6 PagesRoll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D Taylor shows the ways that black people dealt with injustice and racism in the South. In this novel, it is very clear how people feel about racism. You can also see the ways in which they react and deal with it. It displays how degradation, humiliation and hatred fill the gap between the white and black races. Mildred D Taylor is an American writer. She was born in Jackson, Mississippi. She called this place â€Å"a segregated city in a segregated state in a segregated

Pearl Harbor Accidental or Political Essay Example For Students

Pearl Harbor: Accidental or Political Essay Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers, fighter planes, and torpedo planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. This sneak attack plunged the United States into World War II. The first wave, consisting of 183 planes, arrived at approximately 7:50AM. They had taken off from aircraft carriers about 200 miles to the northwest, a fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo (Thomas 3). The Japanese goal was to destroy the ships on Battleship Row and the airplanes on the ground at the Naval Air Station, Wheeler, and Hickam Airfields. Because it was a Sunday morning, most of the 780 antiaircraft guns were not manned. Many military personnel were on shore for the weekend and hundreds of others were still asleep on their ships. Did the U.S. Government know about the attack beforehand? Why were the warning signs not more deeply investigated? The Naval Air Station, Wheeler, and Hickam Airfields were the first to be hit by the Japanese to ensure the US had no ability to fight back. 212 of the fleets grounded airplanes were hit, and the 53 that were able to take off were shot down in the attack. The U.S.S. Oklahoma, West Virginia, Arizona, California, and Nevada were five of the 19 sunken or damaged U.S. ships. In the midst of the attack, 2,403 American military personnel were killed; including the 1,177 forever entombed in the Arizona. Another 1,178 were wounded. The U.S. did not inflict much damage to the Japanese during the attack. The Japanese only lost one midget submarine and 29 planes; 20 were kamikaze missions, 2 were mechanical malfunctions, and only 7 were shot down. December 8, the president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, addressed Congress and the American people. Yesterday, December 7, a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan Congress declared war on Japan, and the US was dragged into World War II (Thomas 5). The warning signs of the attack were there, but werent investigated. The 3 major warning signs that the Japanese were going to attack were the East Wind Rain message, the unidentified submarine, and the radar signals. On the morning of Dec 4, 1941 Naval Officer Ralph T. Briggs was on watch at the Cheltenham, MD, intercept station, when he received the startling and unexpected East Wind Rain message. We had been anticipating the tip-off code phrase for the impending Japanese diplomatic break with Great Britain including attacks on Thailand, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies, Briggs said. Nishi no kaze hare, meaning West Wind Clear, There also was a possible North Wind Cloudy message, which meant war with Russia. But I did a double take after I copied Higashi no kaze ame, which means East Wind Rain in Japanese. This was their code that warned there would be a break with the United States. It was a war warning message (Pearl Harbor: Legacy of Attack). A copy of the message was sent to the Naval Intelligence headquarters in Washington. The East Wind Rain message was received in Washingtons Navy Department by the watch officer, who immediately notified Lt. Comdr. A.D. Kramer, head of the translation section of the Navys communications intelligence (COMINT) unit. When Kramer saw Briggs message from Cheltenham, he leapt from his chair and rushed into Captain Laurence Saffords office with the news. His hands shook as he threw the long yellow Teletype paper at Safford, exclaiming, This is it! (Ellsworth 22). After Kramer handed Safford the message, he read the whole thing, more than 200 words of combined news and weather, with the East Wind Rain message appearing right in the middle of the paper. Safford immediately sent the original Teletype containing a message to his superior officer, Rear Adm. Leigh Noyes, director of Naval Communications. A few moments later, Safford breathed a sigh of relief when verification of message received came from Noyes. Broken Ears, Wounded Hearts Book Report Essay Happy with the success, Safford wired a message to his men: Well done! Discontinue coverage of the target. (Thomas 7). That was a far as the message got. After the attack, government officials went through the intercept stations .